Pointwise bounded family

A family of functions whose values are bounded at each fixed point of the domain
Pointwise bounded family

Let XX be a set, let (Y,dY)(Y,d_Y) be a , and let F\mathcal{F} be a family of functions f:XYf:X\to Y.

The family F\mathcal{F} is pointwise bounded if for every xXx\in X the set of values F(x)={f(x):fF}Y \mathcal{F}(x)=\{f(x): f\in\mathcal{F}\}\subseteq Y is in YY, meaning there exist yxYy_x\in Y and Mx<M_x<\infty such that dY(f(x),yx)Mxfor all fF. d_Y\bigl(f(x),y_x\bigr)\le M_x\quad\text{for all } f\in\mathcal{F}.

For real-valued families FRX\mathcal{F}\subseteq \mathbb{R}^X, this reduces to: xX Mx< fF: f(x)Mx. \forall x\in X\ \exists M_x<\infty\ \forall f\in\mathcal{F}:\ |f(x)|\le M_x.

Pointwise boundedness is a natural “local boundedness” hypothesis; on domains, combined with it often upgrades to .

Examples:

  • If F={fn}\mathcal{F}=\{f_n\} with fn(x)=x/nf_n(x)=x/n on X=RX=\mathbb{R}, then F\mathcal{F} is pointwise bounded (at each fixed xx, x/nx|x/n|\le |x|).
  • The family fn(x)=nf_n(x)=n on any nonempty XX is not pointwise bounded.