Interchange limit and integral under uniform convergence

Uniform convergence justifies swapping a limit with a Riemann integral
Interchange limit and integral under uniform convergence

Let fn:[a,b]Rf_n:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R} be for each nn, and suppose fnff_n\to f on [a,b][a,b].

Corollary:

  • The limit function ff is Riemann integrable, and
  • one may interchange limit and integral: limnabfn(x)dx=ablimnfn(x)dx. \lim_{n\to\infty}\int_a^b f_n(x)\,dx=\int_a^b \lim_{n\to\infty} f_n(x)\,dx.

Connection to parent theorem: This is the “ ” theorem (often stated in exactly this corollary form). Uniform boundedness is automatic under uniform convergence and of some fNf_N.