Sylow normality criterion

If the Sylow p-subgroup is unique then it is normal
Sylow normality criterion

Proposition (If np=1n_p=1 then the Sylow p-subgroup is normal). Let GG be a finite and let pp be a prime dividing G|G|. Let PP be a of GG, and let npn_p denote the number of Sylow pp-subgroups of GG. If np=1n_p=1, then PP is a of GG.

Context. Conjugation sends Sylow pp-subgroups to Sylow pp-subgroups (and in fact they are all conjugate by ). If there is only one, it must be fixed by conjugation.

Proof sketch. For any gGg\in G, the subgroup gPg1gPg^{-1} is again a Sylow pp-subgroup (it has the same order as PP). If np=1n_p=1, then necessarily gPg1=PgPg^{-1}=P for all gGg\in G. This is exactly the definition of normality: PGP\lhd G.